The Gallery of Natural Science is the part of the museum that covers the rich flora, fauna and minerals Skyrim has. Its entrance is in the Upper Gallery of the Hall of Heroes.
If Fossil Mining is installed, the Fossil Mining Room above the Natural Science Gallery becomes available for displaying the fossils. There will be a large stairwell leading to this room.
Below is a list of all displays in the Gallery, starting from the left of the entrance.
The Supplies cabinet is linked to all the supply chests in the Safehouse and provides an alternate way to get access to the supplies needed to build the displays.
Entomology Exhibit
The five bug jars from vanilla Skyrim can be placed on display here:
None, quest display that activates after completing 'The Fallen'.
The Aquarium
With BadGremlin's Collection installed there are shelves to display the fishbowls, and the fish will be set free in the Aquarium, otherwise it is just a display with some fish swimming around in it.
This display is a interactive representation of the flora that can be found in Skyrim. It works with a regular fertile soil system like the Hearthfire DLC provides. It features a display of the Gildergreen, when the quest The Blessings of Nature has been completed.
Additionally, this display is home to the fairies from BadGremlin's Collection, if the mod is installed. When a cage is placed, the fairy will leave it and will be seen in the display.
The Red Mountain display is the only display in the Gallery of Natural Science that is activated by default and doesn't need anything to do. It is just an enjoyable view with some information.
Gemstone Display
Three display cases for all obtainable gems. The gems can mainly be found randomly in loot containers and through mining. Most can also be found in a fixed location.